remark-math@6.0.0 · lil2 family · @itslil/lil2-remark-math

remark-math,
flat.

Math in markdown, `$…$` and `$$` fences, on the flat pipeline; the elements carry int flags for rehype-katex instead of class names.

npm install @itslil/lil2-remark-math

Playground GitHub ↗

lil2 browser build versus minified upstream · Brotli-11 7.4%smaller

18,881 B upstream (Terser) → 17,486 B lil2

6.1% smallergzip-9 objective build

20.7% smallerraw objective build

0.43× the timeof upstream’s per call, Chromium 151.0.7922.34 (geometric mean)

3/3size cells smaller

Raw, gzip and Brotli each use a separate LilScript compilation targeting that objective; upstream is the smallest of Terser, esbuild and Oxc on the same API bundled for the browser.

A chat app · Playwright · phone CPUs

Streaming chats,
2.5× less CPU.

react-markdown 10.1.0 + remark-gfm, remark-math, rehype-katex → lil2 /full; main-thread time, Chromium 151
	short chat (5 replies)	average chat (20 replies)	long chat (60 replies)
CPU while the replies stream, mid-tier phone (4×)	7.1 s → 3.2 s 2.2×	29.1 s → 11.5 s 2.5×	1.3 min → 31.0 s 2.5×
CPU while the replies stream, low-end phone (6×)	11.2 s → 4.7 s 2.4×	45.9 s → 17.7 s 2.6×	2.0 min → 47.4 s 2.5×
CPU while the replies stream, this machine	1.6 s → 0.8 s 2.1×	6.8 s → 2.7 s 2.5×	17.6 s → 7.0 s 2.5×
updates slower than a frame (16.7 ms), low-end phone (6×)	125 → 6 of 1,053	671 → 6 of 4,615	1,318 → 67 of 12,897
opening the saved chat, low-end phone (6×)	417 ms → 317 ms 1.3×	843 ms → 519 ms 1.6×	1.77 s → 960 ms 1.8×

Measured through lil2-react-markdown, which this package is a layer of. LLM-style replies (lists, code, tables, math; about 2.5 KB each) streamed a few tokens at a time and rendered by React, finished messages memoized. Chrome's CPU throttling stands in for phones (4×: Lighthouse's mid-tier mobile; 6×: DevTools' low-end mobile); median of 2 runs, libraries alternating, fresh tab each. Every streamed update renders the same DOM as react-markdown (test/chat.test.mjs, Chromium and Firefox). Reproduce: npm run bench:chat.

lil2-micromark ✦ lil2-mdast-util-from-markdown ✦ lil2-mdast-util-to-hast ✦ lil2-remark-gfm ✦ lil2-remark-math ✦ lil2-rehype-katex ✦ lil2-remark-breaks ✦ lil2-react-markdown ✦ lil2-react-markdown + gfm ✦ lil2-react-markdown + gfm, math, KaTeX, breaks ✦ lil2-micromark ✦ lil2-mdast-util-from-markdown ✦ lil2-mdast-util-to-hast ✦ lil2-remark-gfm ✦ lil2-remark-math ✦ lil2-rehype-katex ✦ lil2-remark-breaks ✦ lil2-react-markdown ✦ lil2-react-markdown + gfm ✦ lil2-react-markdown + gfm, math, KaTeX, breaks

The lil2 family

This package,
then the stack.

Every layer of the react-markdown stack, rewritten bottom to top with ints for every id and enum and flat arrays for every tree. Each tab is one package: its size against minified upstream for each objective, its speed in real browsers, and the checks that its output equals upstream’s.

lil2-remark-math

Math in markdown, `$…$` and `$$` fences, on the flat pipeline; the elements carry int flags for rehype-katex instead of class names.

GitHub ↗page ↗comparison.json ↗

Rewritesremark-math@6.0.0 APIfromMarkdown(value, singleDollarTextMath) · markdownToHast(value, allowDangerousHtml) BehaviourSame mdast and hast as upstream on about 840 documents (math edge cases, a math document, the CommonMark corpus), in Node and in Chromium and Firefox. Cells3 of 3 smaller

Both builds, in this page

Live
lab.

Left is markdown. Right is lil2-react-markdown/full rendering it as you type. Race times upstream remark-math against lil2 on the current text, both loaded here.

# Notes on Fourier analysis

The Fourier transform of an integrable function $f$ is
$\hat f(\xi) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(x)\, e^{-2\pi i x \xi}\, dx$, and when
$\hat f$ is integrable too the inversion formula holds:

$$
f(x) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \hat f(\xi)\, e^{2\pi i x \xi}\, d\xi .
$$

## Plancherel

For $f \in L^1 \cap L^2$ we have $\|f\|_2 = \|\hat f\|_2$, so the transform
extends to a unitary map on $L^2(\mathbb{R})$.

$$
\int_{\mathbb{R}} |f(x)|^2 \, dx = \int_{\mathbb{R}} |\hat f(\xi)|^2 \, d\xi
$$

## Convolution

If $h = f * g$ with $(f * g)(x) = \int f(y) g(x - y)\, dy$, then
$\hat h = \hat f \cdot \hat g$. The Gaussian $g(x) = e^{-\pi x^2}$ is its own
transform, $\hat g = g$.

| Function | Transform |
| --- | --- |
| $e^{-\pi x^2}$ | $e^{-\pi \xi^2}$ |
| $\mathbf{1}_{[-1/2, 1/2]}(x)$ | $\operatorname{sinc}(\xi) = \frac{\sin \pi \xi}{\pi \xi}$ |
| $f(x - a)$ | $e^{-2\pi i a \xi} \hat f(\xi)$ |
| $f'(x)$ | $2\pi i \xi\, \hat f(\xi)$ |

## Poisson summation

For a Schwartz function $f$:

$$
\sum_{n \in \mathbb{Z}} f(n) = \sum_{k \in \mathbb{Z}} \hat f(k)
$$

Applied to $f(x) = e^{-\pi t x^2}$ this gives the theta identity
$\theta(t) = t^{-1/2}\, \theta(1/t)$ where $\theta(t) = \sum_n e^{-\pi n^2 t}$.

## A matrix

$$
\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}^{-1}
= \frac{1}{ad - bc} \begin{pmatrix} d & -b \\ -c & a \end{pmatrix},
\qquad ad - bc \neq 0 .
$$

- [x] inversion
- [x] Plancherel
- [ ] uncertainty principle: $\Delta x\, \Delta \xi \ge \frac{1}{4\pi}$

The output is rendered by the shipped browser build; the race runs each side for 400 ms after a warm-up.

Browser build · minified upstream

Three objectives.
Measured separately.

Raw61,851 B

20.7% smaller than original

Terser · 78,011 B

gzip-919,994 B

6.1% smaller than original

Terser · 21,286 B

Brotli-1117,486 B

7.4% smaller than original

Terser · 18,881 B

Current LilScript versus minified original
Compiler objective	LilScript	Original minified	Original minifier	Difference
Raw	61,851 B	78,011 B	Terser	20.7% smaller
gzip-9	19,994 B	21,286 B	Terser	6.1% smaller
Brotli-11	17,486 B	18,881 B	Terser	7.4% smaller

Each LilScript row comes from a separate compilation targeting that row’s objective. Raw is uncompressed JavaScript; gzip uses level 9; Brotli uses quality 11 and window 22. For each metric, the original is the smallest result among the minifiers below. No JavaScript minifier runs after LilScript.

Every artifact, measured with all three codecs

Artifact	Raw	gzip-9	Brotli-11
LilScript · Raw objective	61,851 B	20,911 B	18,276 B
LilScript · gzip-9 objective	63,281 B	19,994 B	17,482 B
LilScript · Brotli-11 objective	63,923 B	20,004 B	17,486 B
Original · Terser 5.51.2	78,011 B	21,286 B	18,881 B
Original · esbuild 0.28.1	80,026 B	23,038 B	20,411 B
Original · Oxc vite 8.2.1	78,242 B	21,680 B	19,255 B

Browser builds on both sides: lil2’s `browser` condition and upstream bundled by esbuild 0.28.1 with the browser condition (`export {fromMarkdown} from 'mdast-util-from-markdown'; export {math} from 'micromark-extension-math'; export {mathFromMarkdown} from 'mdast-util-math'; export {toHast} from 'mdast-util-to-hast'`). Upstream: remark-math@6.0.0. No external runtime imports. CSS, fonts, type declarations and source maps are outside these JavaScript sizes.

Measurements, hashes and settings ↗ · Commands and build receipts ↗

Real browsers · identical output first

Speed.

Chromium 151.0.7922.34 · median per call, identical output checked first
Document	Upstream	lil2	Time
math	0.858 ms	0.362 ms	0.42×
chat	0.653 ms	0.289 ms	0.44×
load (import)	5.2 ms	5.3 ms	1.02×
first call, cold	10.6 ms	10.4 ms	0.98×

Firefox 153.0 · median per call, identical output checked first
Document	Upstream	lil2	Time
math	1.500 ms	0.773 ms	0.52×
chat	1.182 ms	0.600 ms	0.51×
load (import)	11.0 ms	11.0 ms	1.00×
first call, cold	13.0 ms	11.0 ms	0.85×

Playwright, one fresh browser context per lane; lanes interleave and alternate order every round. Upstream is the same API bundled from npm for the browser; lil2 is the shipped browser build. Load is the module import after the file is fetched; first call is the first document, cold.

Same machine · sequential builds

Build time.

Build wall time on the same machine
Output objective	LilScript compilation	Original bundling + minification	Original minifier
Raw	15.33 s	0.746 s	Terser
gzip-9	15.33 s	0.746 s	Terser
Brotli-11	4.99 s	0.746 s	Terser

One fresh output build per objective and minifier, run sequentially. LilScript compilation includes optimization and objective scoring with persistent caches disabled and one worker. Original time includes Node startup, esbuild bundling of installed upstream ESM, and the named minifier. It excludes building the upstream package from its original TypeScript sources. Dependency installation, tests and final file compression are excluded on both sides. These are observations on a shared machine, not a build-speed guarantee.

AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor · 8 logical CPUs · 15.6 GiB RAM · Linux 7.0.0-1014-azure · Node v20.19.0. Measured 2026-10-04. Exact commands and compiler identity ↗

Install

Typed, flat,
same output.

npm install @itslil/lil2-remark-math

remark-math,flat.

Streaming chats,2.5× less CPU.

This package,then the stack.